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Early memories of living in a shop
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Early memories of living in a shop
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Views | Duration | |
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1. Coming from Eastern European stock | 5 | 5404 | 03:06 |
2. Mother and father | 1675 | 04:56 | |
3. Where did the insult 'Peruvian Jew' come from | 3925 | 04:09 | |
4. Early memories of living in a shop | 1104 | 00:32 | |
5. Learning to read from the tablecloth | 1133 | 00:54 | |
6. Accelerated early schooling | 1073 | 01:49 | |
7. Libraries | 1 | 1355 | 00:53 |
8. The early books that inspired me to do chemistry | 1383 | 02:03 | |
9. Never more than top six in high school | 1202 | 03:15 | |
10. Beaten, bullied and strangled | 1205 | 03:17 |
I think that to try and understand what the whole of this culture, or this immigrant culture in Johannesburg, was… it can be very easily illustrated by an original piece of sociological research that I conducted after I came to England. I was... met some people who said they'd met some nice South Africans who had come from Johannesburg and they were talking about mutual friends of them… of theirs, and the South African said, 'Oh, those Peruvians'. So they said, 'Well, we then went to the other people when we met them and said, "We didn't know you came from Peru", and they got very upset'. Now, I said to them, 'Don't worry, you know, this is a… this is a term of... of abuse and in fact it means… it's a kind of Jew who is stingy, mean, uneducated, uncultured'. And they said, 'But how… what on earth is the connection with Peru?' So I said, 'Well, look, I don't know, I've never thought about it until now, but I will do some research'. So I went and did research and the long story can be cut short. The following is the true origins of this word, because it was clear it was impossible for 90% of South African Jews to have come from Peru; that was inconceivable. I then discovered that when the immigrants came, there had been prior to this great movement at the turn of the century – the first 20 years – there had been a much earlier immigration of Jews from… largely from Germany, who of course were financiers and, incidentally, the same history is the same as the one in America. Namely the earlier immigrants, the Lehmans and so on, who'd come from Germany, were succeeded later by the East European ones. The people who had come from Eastern Europe decided to form an organisation which was called in Yiddish the Polnischer und Russischer Yiddische Verein, abbreviated to PERUV – Polnischer und Russischer Yiddische Verein. PERUV. And the people who attended this club came to be called Peruvnics, which fits, but later this had become anglicised, as indeed you know; Simon turned into Seymour, and, you know, all the names that come… and so they were called Peruvians. It was a much more gentile… hence the origin of the word Peruvian Jew. It only has…nothing to do with Peru but with origins in Eastern Europe and reflects exactly the age-old disdain that the German Jews had felt for the Eastern European immigrants – the Eastern European co-religionists. And that was that story, then, and... and of course it was amazing to me in later life to find that the same cultural thing had been gone through in exactly the same way in… in America. Later, when I got to know Ed Shils very well and went to visit with him in Chicago, exactly the same kind of history took place in Chicago between the earlier immigrants and the later people from Eastern Europe, who did that.
South African Sydney Brenner (1927-2019) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. His joint discovery of messenger RNA, and, in more recent years, his development of gene cloning, sequencing and manipulation techniques along with his work for the Human Genome Project have led to his standing as a pioneer in the field of genetics and molecular biology.
Title: Where did the insult 'Peruvian Jew' come from
Listeners: Lewis Wolpert
Lewis Wolpert is Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine in the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology of University College, London. His research interests are in the mechanisms involved in the development of the embryo. He was originally trained as a civil engineer in South Africa but changed to research in cell biology at King's College, London in 1955. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1980 and awarded the CBE in 1990. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1999. He has presented science on both radio and TV and for five years was Chairman of the Committee for the Public Understanding of Science.
Tags: Johannesburg, UK, South Africa, Germany, USA: Chicago, Edward Shils
Duration: 4 minutes, 10 seconds
Date story recorded: April-May 1994
Date story went live: 24 January 2008
Monday, 25 July 2011 08:28 PM
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