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Views | Duration | ||
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131. Predicting behaviour from genes | 272 | 02:33 | |
132. Relating genes to function | 222 | 04:13 | |
133. How amber mutants were so-called | 236 | 03:02 | |
134. The Amber mutants | 214 | 03:59 | |
135. Discovering other mutants | 157 | 04:12 | |
136. Continued experiments in molecular genetics (Part 1) | 162 | 04:43 | |
137. Continued experiments in molecular genetics (Part 2) | 134 | 03:43 | |
138. Genetic suppression: our beginnings with genetic engineering | 171 | 04:33 | |
139. Lambdoid phages: phage 80 (Part 1) | 173 | 04:23 | |
140. Lambdoid phages: phage 80 (Part 2) | 126 | 02:23 |
I went to a colleague called John Smith, who was interested in RNA and RNA sequencing and so on, and I said, 'Look, I think I've got this suppresser on a phage, and if we induce it and then just do an assay which would just simply ask how much of the RNA that you extract after this cell has come up, how much of this would be… would be this tyrosine TRNA?' And I said, 'Well, you know, I mean, it should be an enormous amount, because if the tyrosine tRNA is one-fifth… one-twentieth, because there are 20 tRNAs for the 20 amino acids, and I'm going to increase its synthesis by, let us say, 10 or a hundred times – somewhere between that, because I have 100 copies of the phage growing in it – so let's say conservatively it should be half. And this means nearly everything should load up with tyrosine.' So we did the experiment on a Friday afternoon – I remember this – and it was all processed on the Monday, and of course what we didn't know then is that the gene for this was a minor transfer RNA, not the major one. It was something that was only about a tenth of that again. So absolutely would have had a lot of trouble finding it. And, of course, what we got was a threefold increase. Now, that means that that gene had increased more like 300-fold, more like 100-fold as it worked out, and there would have been no hope to have found that sequence, we would have only purified the major one. However, it was workable to do this from these phage infected things. And of course the first experiment was simply to take the normal allele of this and put it on the same phage and compare the two.
South African Sydney Brenner (1927-2019) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. His joint discovery of messenger RNA, and, in more recent years, his development of gene cloning, sequencing and manipulation techniques along with his work for the Human Genome Project have led to his standing as a pioneer in the field of genetics and molecular biology.
Title: Lambdoid phages: phage 80 (Part 2)
Listeners: Lewis Wolpert
Lewis Wolpert is Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine in the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology of University College, London. His research interests are in the mechanisms involved in the development of the embryo. He was originally trained as a civil engineer in South Africa but changed to research in cell biology at King's College, London in 1955. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1980 and awarded the CBE in 1990. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1999. He has presented science on both radio and TV and for five years was Chairman of the Committee for the Public Understanding of Science.
Tags: John Smith
Duration: 2 minutes, 24 seconds
Date story recorded: April-May 1994
Date story went live: 24 January 2008