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Inviting participants to the workshop on evolutionary synthesis
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Views | Duration | ||
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111. An attack on 'beanbag genetics' | 381 | 02:26 | |
112. Shortening the book | 117 | 01:19 | |
113. The importance of gene flow | 188 | 02:15 | |
114. The species in nature | 178 | 01:21 | |
115. Sympatric speciation | 203 | 01:42 | |
116. Two levels of evolution | 329 | 02:34 | |
117. Natural selection | 339 | 04:11 | |
118. My interests outside of science | 245 | 02:39 | |
119. The evolution of ideas | 225 | 02:24 | |
120. Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions | 630 | 02:24 |
The philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, developed or published in 1962 a book on scientific revolutions in which he said that you had a paradigm of theories that dominated a certain period and then you had normal science in for a long time following. Then again, you had a major scientific revolution resulting in a new paradigm which then dominated all the thinking for the next 20 or 30 or 50 years of normal science. Well, I went through the history of biology, where we also have many scientific revolutions – just think of the Darwinian one in 1859 – and I found that they do not at all go on like Kuhn says. For instance, let's take the… in the case of Kuhn always a paradigm is totally replaced suddenly by a new paradigm. Well, Darwin, in 1859, when he proposed the theory of natural selection, this was not at once accepted, in fact it took 80 years before it became a majority view. But it competed for this whole period with three other explanatory theories of evolution like… inheritance of acquired characters, mutations, cosmic teleology and so on and so forth. So, I developed gradually ideas in this field that were quite different from the standard opinions of the historians of… of science, most of which had come out of physics. And I first published individual papers, for instance, I did one on Louis Agassiz who was so opposed to Darwin's evolutionary theories after they came out in 1859. And I showed that Louis Agassiz was dominated by a set of concepts and ideas that simply made it impossible for him to accept Darwinian revolution.
The late German-American biologist Ernst Mayr (1904-2005) was a leading light in the field of evolutionary biology, gaining a PhD at the age of 21. He was also a tropical explorer and ornithologist who undertook an expedition to New Guinea and collected several thousand bird skins. In 1931 he accepted a curatorial position at the American Museum of Natural History. During his time at the museum, aged 37, he published his seminal work 'Systematics and Origin of the Species' which integrated the theories of Darwin and Mendel and is considered one of his greatest works.
Title: Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions
Listeners: Walter J. Bock
Walter J. Bock is Professor of Evolutionary Biology at Columbia University. He received his B.Sc. from Cornell and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard. His research lies in the areas of organismal and evolutionary biology, with a special emphasis on functional and evolutionary morphology of the skeleto-muscular system, specifically the feeding apparatus of birds.
Tags: 1962, 1859, Thomas Kuhn, Charles Darwin, Louis Agassiz
Duration: 2 minutes, 25 seconds
Date story recorded: October 1997
Date story went live: 24 January 2008