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Attempts to live normally in the ghetto
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The black market in the ghetto
Marek Edelman
Social activist
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Views | Duration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51. Life in the ghetto begins | 719 | 03:47 | |
| 52. Well mannered bandits | 268 | 02:43 | |
| 53. The Jewish Community Council's difficulties with reclaiming its... | 193 | 02:12 | |
| 54. The first organisations in the ghetto | 198 | 01:50 | |
| 55. Terror on the streets | 266 | 03:17 | |
| 56. Closing the Warsaw ghetto | 226 | 03:51 | |
| 57. Organising illegal schools for children in the ghetto | 180 | 03:51 | |
| 58. The black market in the ghetto | 205 | 01:10 | |
| 59. Attempts to live normally in the ghetto | 202 | 05:40 | |
| 60. Typhoid epidemic in the ghetto | 180 | 03:24 |
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Polish
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English
Bo głód był okropny. Jeżeli się dostawało, nie pamiętam, 12 deko zdaje się dziennie czy siedem deko dziennie chleba, raz na miesiąc paczkę marmolady z buraków i jedno sztuczne takie jajko w proszku i nie wiem co jeszcze, chyba nic, aha... i raz taki żółty cukier dawali, raz na nie wiem jaki czas. To było oficjalnie, resztę trzeba było kupować na czarnym rynku, bo szmugiel już szedł z aryjskiej strony, a czarny rynek był strasznie drogi, ludzie nie mieli pieniędzy, więc wyprzedawali. Był na Smoczej taki rynek, gdzie przychodzili Polacy i skupowali na przykład pościel, bieliznę, kołdry, futra, bo futra zabrali, ale przecież ludzie chowali to wszystko, prawda, i to kupowali za grosze i ludzie mieli z tego co jeść. Wyprzedawali się do końca, swetry sprzedawali. Zimą sprzedać sweter to było nieszczęście.
The hunger was terrible. You might have got, I can't remember, 12 or 7 decagrams of bread each day, a packet of beetroot marmalade once a month and one powdered egg and I don't know what else, and once they gave this yellow sugar, but very rarely. This was handed out officially but the rest had to be bought on the black market because smugglers were already coming in from the Aryan side and the black market was terribly expensive, people had no money so they sold everything they had. On Smocza Street, there was a market where Poles would come and buy bed linen, underwear, eiderdowns, furs because the furs had been taken away but people would hide everything and then sell it for a few pence so that they would have something to eat. They sold everything they had, they sold their sweaters and to sell a sweater in winter was a tragedy.
Marek Edelman (1919-2009) was a Jewish-Polish political and social activist and a noted cardiologist. He was the last surviving leader of the 1943 uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto. Following the Second World War, he took an active part in domestic and international politics, dedicating himself to fighting for justice and peace.
Title: The black market in the ghetto
Listeners: Joanna Szczesna Joanna Klara Agnieszka Zuchowska Anka Grupinska
Joanna Szczesna, dziennikarka "Gazety Wyborczej", autorka - wraz z Anna Bikont - biografia polskiej noblistki "Pamiatkowe rupiecie, przyjaciele i sny Wislawy Szymborskiej". Od lat 70-tych zwiazana z opozycja demokratycznaw Polsce, wspólpracowniczka Komitetu Obrony Robotników, wspóltwórczyni prasy niezaleznej w Polsce: redaktorka "Biuletynu Informacyjnego KOR-u", Agencji Prasowej "Solidarnosc" i "Tygodnika Mazowsze".
Joanna Szczesna is a journalist writing for Gazeta Wyborcza. Together with Anna Bikont, she’s the author of Pamiatkowe rupiecie, przyjaciele i sny Wislawy Szymborskiej (The Recollected Flotsam, Friends and Dreams of Wislawa Szymborska) a biography of Wislawa Szymborska, the Polish winner of the Noble Prize for Literature. Since the 1970s, Joanna Szczesna has been involved with the democratic opposition movement in Poland, active in the Worker’s Defence Committee (KOR), the co-founder of the independent press in Poland: editor of KOR’s Information Bulletin, Solidarnosc Press Agency and Tygodnik Mazowsze.
Joanna Klara Agnieszka 'Aga' Zuchowska was born 20 January 1938. Her father was killed in the Katyń massacre. After the war, she moved from Warsaw to Lódz. She obtained a degree in medicine in 1960, qualifying as a specialist in internal medicine in 1973. Dr Zuchowska worked with Marek Edelman for 15 years. In 1982 she left Poland for Algeria where she remained for the next three years, returning to Poland in 1985. She currently lives in Lódz.
Joanna Klara Agnieszka 'Aga' Zuchowska, urodzona 20 stycznia 1938. Ojciec zginal w Katyniu. Po wojnie zamieszkala w Lodzi. Studia ukonczyla w 1960 r. a specjalizacje z chorób wewnetrznych w 1973 r. Doktorat obronila we Wroclawiu. Pracowala z Markiem Edelmanen przez 15 lat. W 1982 r. wyjechala do Algerii. Wrócila do Polski w 1985 r. i mieszka obecnie w Lodzi.
Anka Grupinska ukonczyla filologie angielska na UAM w Poznaniu. Wspólpracowala z poznanskimi pismami podziemnymi, wraz z innymi zalozyla i wydawala dwumiesiecznik "Czas Kultury". W latach 1988-1989 przebywala w Izraelu opracowujac wspomnienia ocalalych z Zaglady. W latach 1991-1993 pracowala jako attaché kulturalny w ambasadzie polskiej w Tel Awiwie. Od 1996 mieszka w Polsce. Anka Grupinska specjalizuje sie w tematyce stosunków polsko-zydowskich. Publikuje ksiazki (m. in. Wydawnictwo Literackie, Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, Twój Styl), artykuly prasowe (m. in. "Tygodnik Powszechny", "Rzeczpospolita"), realizuje projekty wystawiennicze. Jest takze koordynatorem miedzynarodowego projektu "Swiadek zydowskiego wieku" (archiwizowanie pamieci o zydowskiej przedwojennej Polsce), prowazi autorska audycje radiowa "O Zydach i o Polakach tez" i uczy warszawskich studentów sztuki czytania i pisanie tekstów literackich.
Anka Grupinska studied English at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland. She wrote for Poznan’s underground publications and was herself one of the founding publishers of the bi-monthly Czas Kultury. She spent 1988 and 1989 in Israel compiling reminiscences of Holocaust survivors. From 1991 to 1993, she held the post of Cultural Attache at the Polish Embassy in Tel Aviv. She moved back to Poland in 1996 and now writes books on Jewish subjects, mainly dealing with the history of the Warsaw ghetto. She is also a freelance journalist for Tygodnik Powszechny. Anka Grupinska is the director of the Centropa Foundation project in Poland (oral history project) called “The Witness of the Jewish Century¿, presents her own radio programme, “Of Jews and of Poles too¿, and teaches creative writing and oral history in Collegium Civitas and SWPS in Warsaw.
Tags: Smocza Street, Poles
Duration: 1 minute, 11 seconds
Date story recorded: December 2003
Date story went live: 24 January 2008
