You know, the… the thing is the other… the other difficulty in science and in doing science is someone who gets hold of an idea which he then falls in love… falls in love with, right, and he can't let it go. Usually because this is so… it is so far out that he's certain no one else has thought of it and he really wants to… to bring this new torch of knowledge to mankind. And of course achieve fame and wealth at the same time. And there are many people that do this, often again starting from a mistake. Starting from something that is a phenomenon, but a phenomenon of that particular instance. I mean, I'm not saying these people invent observations, they do make the observations but they are due to dirty tubes or somebody running their fingers across a petri dish or just leaving the window open when the most surprising things will grow on your… on your petri dish. But they start from a fluctuation of the world — they're generated by Murphy's Law basically — and you come to believe that this is the ultimate solution and you do experiments which although would… at one point should lead you to question the nature of the observation, nevertheless drive you. And in fact one of the famous things that happened was in a subject that I gave the name — created a new subject for — called hydro-immunology. Now, this was a man called Benveniste who actually believed that he had some immune phenomena, some antibody… antigen phenomena, but in fact he had diluted this below, as it was said, Avogadro's number, so that the only possibility for making the… for making the observations he had done was that the antibody molecules had left their memory in the structure of the water. They had somehow recorded that they had been there, and the water then retained that memory and did the answer. Now of course that's a great theory. The other possibility to explain these experiments is that the measurements were wrong. Which they almost certainly were, because this is ludicrous. And so when I was asked about this and I had been told that he had diluted it below the value of Avogadro's number, I said had he tried avocado's number. And they said, ‘What is avocado's number?’. I said, ‘It's the number of molecules in a guacamole.’ And I actually managed to get this published in Science, without referees.
